Retarding potential analyzer: Principles, designs, and space applications

Longitudinal Space-charge Effects in a Retarding Field Energy Analyzer

Experimental and theoretical work has been carried out to study the longitudinal space-charge effects in a retarding field energy analyzer. A one-dimensional model for both a mono-energetic beam and a thermal beam has been developed for this purpose. The study shows that, if the current density inside the device were higher than a critical value, the longitudinal space-charge effects would dist...

neuronavigation: principles, clinical applications and potential pitfalls.

localization of brain lesions and prevention of damage to vital structures are important in operation of brain pathologies. despite development of many techniques including angiography, mri, sonography, and frame base stereotaxy, a more accurate localizing technique is still needed (1, 2). a step forward to achieve this goal is to develop a navigation system. in this manuscript, we explained so...

Design of a retarding potential grid system for a neutral particle analyzer.

The ion energy distribution in a magnetically confined plasma can be inferred from charge exchange neutral particles. On the Madison Symmetric Torus (MST), deuterium neutrals are measured by the Florida A&M University compact neutral particle analyzer (CNPA) and the advanced neutral particle analyzer (ANPA). The CNPA energy range covers the bulk deuterium ions to the beginning of the fast ion t...

First Results from a Retarding Field Angle-Resolved Analyzer

Methods for Quantitative Interpretation of Retarding Field Analyzer Data∗

A great deal of Retarding Field Analyzer (RFA) data has been taken as part of the CesrTA program at Cornell. Obtaining a quantitative understanding of this data requires use of cloud simulation programs, as well as a detailed model of the RFA itself. In a drift region, the RFA can be modeled by postprocessing the output of a simulation code, and one can obtain best fit values for important simu...